Plain answers, before you call.

Federal cases are brought by United States Attorney's offices, investigated by federal agencies, heard in federal court and sentenced under the federal guidelines. They often begin with a long investigation, and they usually involve far more documents. Federal court also requires lawyers to be admitted there separately.

A target is someone prosecutors believe there is substantial evidence against. A subject is someone whose conduct is within the investigation. A witness has information. These labels can change, which is why your first conversations matter.

Not always. In many white-collar matters, lawyers arrange for a client to appear voluntarily if charges are filed. Whether that is possible depends on the case and the prosecutor.

An interview with prosecutors and agents under a written agreement that limits how your statements can be used. The limits have exceptions, and a proffer can help or hurt. It should never happen without careful preparation.

Yes. We handle federal matters across the country, working with local counsel when a court requires it. Most early-stage work, such as talking with prosecutors, can be done from anywhere.

Sometimes, but not always. When interests could diverge, employees need their own lawyers. We explain this at the start and can help arrange separate counsel.

A partner leads every engagement and stays involved. Larger matters add an associate, our investigator and our discovery manager. You will know each person's role.

Only with your agreement and only when it helps your case. Most of our clients are best served when nothing about their matter appears anywhere.

We work on written engagement letters with a retainer for each phase. Our published starting points are on the practice areas page. You will get a written estimate before any phase begins.

Conversations with a lawyer for the purpose of getting legal advice are generally protected, even before you hire us. Website forms and ordinary email are not a safe place for details, so we cover them by phone or in person.

Yes, an employer or family member can pay, but the duty of loyalty runs to you. Payment arrangements are put in writing so it is clear who the client is.

If you are charged and cannot afford a lawyer, the court will appoint one, often from the federal defender's office. Those lawyers are experienced in federal court. We will tell you honestly if that is the better path.