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Family Immigration Law Ibarra Lindqvist

Family services

Citizenship and naturalization

The N-400, a careful look at your history, and calm preparation for the interview and civics test.

Who this is for

You have a green card and want to become a U.S. citizen.

Forms
N-400N-648N-600
Typical time
Often several months to more than a year, filing to oath. Ranges change.
Flat fee
From $1,200, in writing. Government fees separate.
Language
English or español, start to finish

How it works

Most green card holders can apply after 5 years as a permanent resident, or after 3 years if they have been married to and living with the same U.S. citizen spouse. You can file up to 90 days before you reach that date.

The form is long, but the hard part is your history. Long trips abroad, an old arrest, unfiled taxes, unpaid child support, or a missed Selective Service registration can cause trouble. We review all of it before you file, so nothing surprises you at the interview.

At the interview, an officer reviews your application and gives the English and civics test. We help you prepare, and we check whether you qualify for an exception for age, long residence or a disability.

The forms, in plain words

  • N-400 Application for Naturalization
  • N-648 Medical disability exception
  • N-600 Certificate of Citizenship (for children)

The steps, and who does what

Every step has an owner. You always know whether we are waiting on you, on us, or on the government.

  1. Our team

    Step 1: History review

    Travel dates, addresses, jobs, taxes, any arrests. We pull court records ourselves when needed.

  2. Our team

    Step 2: File the N-400

    You review every answer before it is filed. We keep a copy of exactly what you said.

  3. USCIS

    Step 3: Biometrics

    Fingerprints and photos at a local support center.

  4. You

    Step 4: Study for the test

    We give you the official study materials and a practice session in English or Spanish.

  5. USCIS

    Step 5: Interview and test

    An attorney can attend with you. If you miss part of the test, you usually get one more try within a few months.

  6. USCIS

    Step 6: Oath ceremony

    You become a citizen when you take the oath. Then we help with passports and your family's next steps.

How long it takes

Often several months to more than a year, filing to oath.

It varies widely by field office and changes through the year. We check current published times with you before you file. We never promise a date.

Why cases wait

What to gather

  • Your green card, front and back
  • Every trip outside the U.S. in the last 5 years, with dates
  • Tax transcripts for the last 3 or 5 years
  • Certified court records for any arrest, citation or charge
  • Marriage and divorce records, if they matter to your eligibility

Do not have everything? That is normal. Luis, our senior paralegal, helps you find or replace missing records.

Tell us early about

  • Trips of 6 months or longer, which can break continuous residence
  • Any arrest, even one that was dismissed or expunged
  • Ever voting or registering to vote, or claiming to be a citizen
  • Men who lived in the U.S. between ages 18 and 25 and never registered for Selective Service

None of these means your case is over. They mean it needs a plan before anything is filed.

Example outcome

Citizenship

Denied, then refiled

Situation: A client who filed on his own before calling us.

What happened: His first application was denied: a trip of nearly eight months had broken his continuous residence. We waited until he was eligible again and refiled with the travel explained. Approved at the second interview.

Example outcomes describe past matters in general terms, with details changed to protect privacy. Every case is different. They are not a promise or prediction of your result.

More example outcomes

Questions about citizenship

What if I fail the civics test?

If you do not pass the English or civics test at your interview, USCIS usually retests you on the part you missed within about 60 to 90 days. We help you practice before both.

Do my children become citizens too?

Children under 18 who have green cards and live with a citizen parent may become citizens automatically when you do. A certificate of citizenship (Form N‑600) documents it, and we can file it.

Can applying for citizenship put my green card at risk?

In some cases, yes. An application puts your whole history in front of an officer. That is why we review your records first, and sometimes advise waiting or taking another step before filing.

All questions and answers

Ready to
talk?

A 45-minute consultation with an attorney, in English or Spanish. We tell you the route, the flat fee and the honest range.

Book online

Five short steps. We reply within one business day.

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Visit us

1820 S Blue Island Ave, Suite 300, Chicago. Near the 18th Street Pink Line stop.

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Call us

English

(312) 555-0163

Español

(312) 555-0164
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